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Lean Manufacturing –an approach to manufacturing excellenceTerm „Lean‟ was coined by Womack et al., 1991 in the „Machine That Changed the World‟; previously the general approach was known as „Just-in-Time Manufacturing‟, the philosophies and techniques are based upon the Toyota Production System.

•Arose in Toyota, Japan after WWII
•Replacing complexity with simplicity
•A philosophy,a way of thinking
•A process of continuous improvement
•Emphasis on minimising inventory
•Focuses on eliminating waste, that is anything that adds cost without adding value
•Often a pragmatic choice of techniques is used