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Alan M. Rugman

Dr. Alan M. Rugman is L. Leslie Waters Chair of International Business at the Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, where he is also Professor of International Business and Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy. He was Thames Water Fellow in Strategic Management at Templeton College, University of Oxford from 1998-2001 where he remains an Associate Fellow. Previously he was Professor of International Business at the University of Toronto 1987-1998, Dalhousie University 1979-1987, and the University of Winnipeg 1970-1978. He has also been a visiting professor at Columbia Business School, London Business School, Harvard University, U.C.L.A., M.I.T., Warwick Business School, and the University of Paris-La Sorbonne.

Dr. Rugman has published over 200 articles dealing with the economic, managerial, and strategic aspects of multinational enterprises and with trade and investment policy. These have appeared in such leading refereed journals as:- The American Economic Review, Strategic Management Journal, Journal of International Business Studies, and California Management Review.

His forty books include: Inside the Multinationals (Columbia University Press 1981, reissued by Palgrave 2006); Multinationals and Transfer Pricing (St. Martin’s Press 1985); Global Corporate Strategy and Trade Policy (Routledge 1990); Foreign Investment and North American Free Trade (University of South Carolina Press 1994); International Business, 4th Edition (Pearson/Prentice Hall 2006); Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy (Oxford University Press 1999); Multinationals as Flagship Firms (Oxford University Press 2000); The End of Globalization (Random House 2000; AMACOM 2001); The Oxford Handbook of International Business (Oxford University Press 2001, 2nd Edition 2008); The Regional Multinationals (Cambridge University Press 2005); and Regional Aspects of Multinationality and Performance (Elsevier 2006).

As a leading authority in international business, Dr. Rugman served as President of the Academy of International Business 2004-2006 and was elected a Fellow of the Academy in 1991. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts; elected 1998. He serves on the Editorial Boards of Strategic Management Journal, Journal of International Business Studies, and several others.

Born in England in 1945, Dr. Rugman became a Canadian citizen in 1973 and a U.S. resident in 2002. He earned his B.A. in economics from Leeds University in 1966, M.Sc. in economic development from London University’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in 1967 and his Ph.D. in economics from Simon Fraser University in 1974. He was elected to an M.A. (Oxon) in 1998.

He has been a consultant to major private sector companies, research institutes, and government agencies. These include Exxon/Imperial Oil, Kodak, Royal Bank of Canada, Northern Telecom, the United Nations (UNCTAD), NAFTA’s Commission on Environmental Co-operation, and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Dr. Rugman served as an outside advisor on free trade, foreign investment and international competitiveness to two Canadian Prime Ministers over the 1986-1993 period.

Alan Rugman holds the L. Leslie Waters Chair of International Business at the Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, where he serves as Professor of International Business and Professor of Business Economics and Public Policy. He was Thames Water Fellow in Strategic Management at Templeton College, University of Oxford where he remains an Associate Fellow. Dr. Rugman has published widely, appearing in leading refereed journals that deal with economic, managerial, and strategic aspects of multinational enterprises and with trade and investment policy. His forty plus books include: Inside the Multinationals (Columbia University Press 1981, reissued by Palgrave 2006); The Theory of Multinational Enterprises and Multinational Enterprises and Trade Policy (Elgar 1996); Multinationals as Flagship Firms (Oxford University Press 2000); International Business, 4th edition (Pearson/Prentice Hall 2006); The End of Globalization (Random House 2000; AMACOM 2001); The Oxford Handbook of International Business (Oxford University Press 2001, 2nd Edition 2008); The Regional Multinationals (Cambridge University Press 2005); and Regional Aspects of Multinationality and Performance (Elsevier 2007). He has served as a consultant to major private sector companies, research institutes, government agencies, and as an outside advisor on free trade, foreign investment, and international competitiveness to two Canadian Prime Ministers. Dr. Rugman served previously as President of the Academy of International Business from 2004-2006.

"Multinationals and Public Policy in Korea" (with In Hyeock Lee). Forthcoming in Asian Business and Management 8(2008).Click title for working paper.

"Friedman抯 Follies: Insights on the Globalization/Regionalization Debate" (with Chang Hoon Oh) See published paper in Business and Politics 10(2) (2008), Article 4: 1-14. Click title for working paper.

"The International Competitiveness of Asian Firms" (with Chang Hoon Oh). See published paper in Journal of Strategy and Management 1(1)(2008): 57-71.

"Thirty Years of IB Scholarship in Canada" See published paper in the Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences 25 (2008): 271-278.

"A New Perspective on Regional and Global Strategies of Multinational Service Firms" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Management International Review 48(4)(2008): 397-411.

"A Regional Solution to the Strategy and Structure of Multinationals" (with with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in European Management Journal 26(5)(2008): 305-313.

"The Regional Nature of Japanese Multinational Business" (with Simon Collinson). See published paper in Journal of International Business Studies 39(2)(March 2008): 215-230.

"The Theory and Practice of Regional Strategy: A Response to Osegowitsch and Sammartino" (with Alain Verbeke).See published paper in Journal of International Business Studies 39(2)(March 2008): 326-332.

"Will China's Multinationals Succeed Globally or Regionally? (with Jing Li).See published paper in European Management Journal 25(5)(2008): 333-343.

"Korea's Multinationals in a Regional World" (with Chang Hoon Oh).See published paper in Journal of World Business 434(2008): 5-15.

"Real Options and the Theory of Foreign Direct Investment" (with Jing Li).See published paper in International Business Review 16(2008): 687-712.

"A Note on Return on Foreign Assets and Foreign Presence for UK Multinationals" (with George Yip and Saliya Jayaratne). See published paper in British Journal of Management 19(2008).

"The Regional Character of Asian Multinational Enterprises" (with Simon Collinson). See published paper in Asia Pacific Journal of Management 24(4)(February 2007): 429-446.

"Intra-Regional Sales, Product Diversity and the Performance of Merchandising Multinationals" (with Nessara Sukpanich).See published paper in Journal of International Management 13(2) (June 2007): 131-146.

"Regional Multinationals and the Korean Cosmetics Industry" (with Chang Hoon Oh). See published paper in Asia Pacific Journal of Management 24(1)(March 2007): 27-42.

"Liabilities of Regional Foreignness and the Use of Firm-Level Versus Country-Level Data: A Response to Dunning et al. (2007)" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Journal of International Business Studies 38(1)(January 2007): 200-205.

"International Success of British Companies" (with George Yip and Alina Kudina). See published paper in Long Range Planning 39(3)(June 2006): 241-264.

"Regional Sales of Multinationals in the World Cosmetics Industry" (with Chang Hoon Oh).See published paper in European Management Journal 24(2-3)(2006): 163-173.

"Firm-Specific Advantages, Intra-Regional Sales and Performance of Multinational Enterprises" (with Nessara Sukpanich). See published paper in The International Trade Journal 20(3)(Fall 2006): 355-382.

"Multinational Enterprises in the New Europe: Are They Really Global" (with Simon Collinson). See published paper in Organizational Dynamics 34(3)(2005): 258-272.

"Regional Business Networks and the Multinational Retail Sector" (with Stephane Girod). See published paper in Long Range Planning 38(4)(2005): 335-357.

"Towards a Theory of Regional Multinationals: A Transaction Cost Economics Approach" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Management International Review 45(Special Issue 1)(2005): 5-17.

"A Perspective on Regional and Global Strategies of Multinational Enterprises" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Journal of International Business Studies 35(1)(January 2004): 3-18.

"Extending the Theory of the Multinational Enterprise-Internalization and Strategic Management Perspectives" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Journal of International Business Studies 34(2)(March 2003): 125-137.

"Multinational Enterprises and Clusters" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Management International Review 43(Special Issue 3): 151-169 (2003).

"Retail Multinationals and Globalization"(with Stéphane Girod). See published paper in European Management Journal 21(1)(February 2003): 24-37.

"Regional Transnationals and Triad Strategy" (with Alain Verbeke).See published paper in Transnational Corporation 13(3): 1-20 (2003).

"Edith Penrose's Contribution to the Resource-based View of Strategic Management" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Strategic Management Journal 23(8)(2002): 769-780.

"Subsidiary Specific Advantages in Multinational Enterprises" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Strategic Management Journal 22(3)(2001): 237-250.

"The End of Global Strategy" (with Richard Hodgetts). See published paper in European Management Journal 19(4)(August 2001): 333-343.

"Corporate Strategy and International Environmental Policy" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Journal of International Business Studies 29(4)(1998): 819-833.

"Corporate Strategies and Environmental Regulations: An Organizing Framework" (with Alain Verbeke). See published paper in Strategic Management Journal 19(4)(April 1998): 363-375.

"Internalization Theory and its Impact on the Field of International Business" (with Alain Verbeke) in Jean Boddewyn, ed., The Evolution of International Business Scholarship: AIB Fellows on the First 50 Years, Research in Global Strategic Management, vol. 14 (Oxford: Emerald, 2008). Click for working paper.

"The Regional Dimension of UK Multinationals" (with Alina Kudina and George S. Yip). See chapter in Regional Aspects of Multinationality and Performance (Research in Global Strategic Management, vol. 13) (Oxford: Elsevier, 2007); now available from Publisher Emerald.

"Multinationality and Regional Performance, 2001-2005" (with Chang Hoon Oh).See chapter in Regional Aspects of Multinationality and Performance(Oxford: Elsevier, 2007); now available from Publisher Emerald.

Rugman Reviews International Business (Basingstoke, UK: PalgraveMacmillan, 2009).

International Business, 5th Edition (co-author, Simon Collinson). (London: Financial Times Prentice Hall, 2009).

The Oxford Handbook of International Business (Ed.) 2nd Edition (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2009).

Multinationals and Development (co-author, Jonathan P. Doh) (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008).

Inside the Multinationals (Palgrave Macmillan, 2006). 25th anniversary ed.

Regional Aspects of Multinationality and Performance (Research in Global Strategic Management, vol.13) (Oxford: Elsevier, 2007); now available from the new publisher, Emerald.

International Business 4th Edition (co-author, Simon Collinson). (London: Financial Times-Prentice Hall, 2006).

The Regional Multinationals (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005).

Analysis of Multinational Strategic Management (with Alain Verbeke) (Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 2005).

Real Options and International Investment (Co-edited with Jing Li)(Cheltenham, UK: Elgar, 2005).

Internationalization, International Diversification and the Multinational Enterprise (Research in Global Strategic Management, vol.11) (Co-edited by Alain Verbeke) (Oxford: Elsevier, 2005); now available from the Publisher Emerald.

European-American Trade and Financial Alliances (Co-edited with Gavin Boyd and Pier Carlo Padoan) (Cheltenham, UK and Brookfield, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing 2005).

Free Trade in the Americas (Ed.) (Cheltenham, UK and Brookfield, USA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2004).

North American Economic and Financial Integration (Research in Global Strategic Management, vol.10) (Ed.) (Oxford: Elsevier, 2004); now available from the new publisher, Emerald.

Leadership in International Business Education and Research (Research in Global Strategic Management, vol.8) (Ed.) (Oxford: Elsevier, 2003); now available from the new publisher, Emerald.

The Oxford Handbook of International Business (Ed.) 1st Edition (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 2001).

The World Trade Organization in the New Global Economy (preface.) (See Elgar). (Co-edited with Gavin Boyd). (Cheltenham UK: Elgar, 2001), 250 pages.

The End of Globalization (McGraw Hill/Amacom, 2001). Also published (London: Random House Business Books, 2000). (Paper Edition, 2001).

Multinationals as Flagship Firms: Regional Business Networks (with Joseph D'Cruz) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000)(Paper Edition 2002).

Environmental Regulations and Corporate Strategy (with John Kirton and Julie A. Soloway) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999).

The Theory of Multinational Enterprises (Selected Scientific Papers of Alan M. Rugman, vol.1) (Cheltenham UK: Elgar, 1996), 291 pages.

Multinational Enterprises and Trade Policy (Selected Scientific Papers of Alan M. Rugman, vol.2) (Cheltenham UK: Elgar, 1996), 406 pages.

"A New Perspective on Regional and Global Strategies of Multinational Service Firms" (with Alain Verbeke) Management International Review 48(4)(2008): 397-411.

"The Regional Nature of Japanese Multinational Business" (with Simon Collinson) Journal of International Business Studies 39(2)(March 2008): 215-230.

"The Theory and Practice of Regional Strategy" (with Alain Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 39(2)(March 2008): 326-332.

“Liabilities of Regional Foreignness and the Use of Firm-Level Versus Country-Level Data: A Response to Dunning et al. (2007)” (with A. Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 38(1)(2007): 200-205.


“The International Success of British Companies” (with G. Yip and A. Kudina) Long Range Planning 39(3)(June 2006): 241-264.

“Regional Business Networks and the Multinational Retail Sector” (with S. Girod) Long Range Planning 38(4)(August 2005): 335-357.


“Towards a Theory of Regional Multinationals: A Transaction Cost Economics Approach” (with A. Verbeke) Management International Review 45(Special Issue 1)(2005): 5-17.


“Regional Strategies of Multinational Pharmaceutical Firms” (with C. Brain) Management International Review 44(Special Issue 3)(2004): 7-25.

“A Perspective on Regional and Global Strategies of Multinational Enterprises” (with Alain Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 35(1)(2004): 3-18.


“Multinational Enterprises and Clusters: An Organizing Framework” (with Alain Verbeke) Management International Review 43(Special Issue 3)(2003): 151-169.

“Extending the Theory of the Multinational Enterprise: Internalization and Strategic Management Perspectives” (with Alain Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 34(2)(March 2003): 125-137.

Edith Penrose’s Contribution to the Resource-Based View of Strategic Management” (with Alain Verbeke) Strategic Management Journal 23(8)(August 2002): 769-780.

“Subsidiary Specific Advantages of Multinational Enterprises” (with Alain Verbeke) Strategic Management Journal 22(3)(March 2001): 237-250.

“Corporate Strategy and International Environmental Policy” (with Alain Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 29(4)(1998): 819-833.

"Corporate Strategies and Environmental Regulations: An Organizing Framework" (with Alain Verbeke) Strategic Management Journal 19(4)(April 1998): 363-375.

“Multinational Enterprises and Public Policy” (with Alain Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 29(1)(March 1998): 115-136.

"A Test of Internalization Theory and Internationalization Theory: The Upjohn Company" (with Erminio Fina) Management International Review 36(3)(September 1996): 199-213.

"Foreign Subsidiaries and Multinational Strategic Management: An Extension and Correction of Porter's Single Diamond Framework" (with Alain Verbeke) Management International Review 33(Special Issue 2)(1993): 71-84.

"The Double Diamond Model of International Competitiveness: The Canadian Experience" (with Joseph D'Cruz) Management International Review 33(Special Issue 2)(1993): 17-40.

"A Note on the Transnational Solution and the Transaction Cost Theory of Multinational Strategic Management" (with Alain Verbeke) Journal of International Business Studies 23(4)(Fall 1992): 761-772.

"Trade Barriers and Corporate Strategy in International Companies: The Canadian Experience" (with Alain Verbeke) Long Range Planning 24(3)(June 1991): 66-72.

Multinational Corporate Strategy and the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement" (with Alain Verbeke) Management International Review 30(3)(1990): 253-266.

"Canada's Reversal from Importer to Exporter of Foreign Direct Investment " (With Roderick Tilley) Management International Review 27(3)(1987): 13-25.

"Strategies for National Competitiveness " Long Range Planning 20(3)(June 1987): 92-97.

"Canadian Multinationals: Identification: Performance and Strategic Management" (with John McIlveen) Management International Review 25(3)(1985): 41-56.

"The Influence of Hymer's Dissertation on the Theory of Foreign Direct Investment" (with John Dunning) American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings (May 1985): 228-232.

"The Comparative Performance of U.S. and European Multinational Enterprises, 1970-79" Management International Review 23(2)(1983): 4-14.

"Implications of the Theory of Internalization for Corporate International Finance" California Management Review 23(2)(Winter 1980): 73-79.

"Risk Reduction by International Diversification" Journal of International Business Studies 7(2)(Fall 1976): 75-80.