伊戈尔·安索夫 发表评论(0) 编辑词条
战略管理的鼻祖:伊戈尔·安索夫(H.igor Ansoff,1918-2002)
伊戈尔·安索夫生平 编辑本段回目录
- 1918年,安索夫出生于海参崴(符拉迪沃斯托克)。
- 1924年,安索夫随家庭搬到莫斯科。
- 1936年,安索夫的全家移民到了美国纽约。
- 1950年,安索夫加盟美国军方军事智囊机构兰德基金会(Rand Foundation),参与研究美国军事战略的研制和计划工作。
- 1956年,安索夫进入洛克希德公司(Lockheed Corporation)工作,后来成为该公司的副总裁。
- 1957年,安索夫根据自己的研究心得在著名的《哈佛商业评论》上发表了一篇讨论多角化经营战略的论文,提出了“产品市场匹配”的概念。
- 1963年,45岁的安索夫进入卡内基-梅隆大学经营管理研究生院(Carnegie-Mellon’s Graduate School of Business Administration),从事专业的战略管理研究和教学。
- 1965年,安索夫正式出版他的代表作《公司战略》,本书也是他的成名之作。
- 1972年,在论文《战略管理思想》中,安索夫正式提出“战略管理”的概念。
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- 1973年,安索夫应邀来到比利时的欧洲高级管理学院(European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management)任教。
- 1976年,出版《从战略计划到战略管理》。
- 1979年,出版《战略管理论》。本书与1965年出版的《公司战略》、1976年出版《从战略计划到战略管理》,是公认的战略管理开山之作。
- 1983年,安索夫回到美国,在加州圣地亚哥任美国国际大学(US International University)战略管理高级教授(Distinguished Professor of Strategic Management),开办战略管理硕士、博士学位课程。除此外,他还注册成立一家战略管理咨询顾问公司,向各企业提供战略规划和战略管理的咨询服务。
- 2002年7月14日,安索夫病逝于加州的圣地亚哥,享年83岁。去世前是圣地亚哥美国国际大学特级教授、安索夫联谊会主席、杰米尼(Gemini)咨询公司的董事。
战略管理的鼻祖:伊戈尔·安索夫编辑本段回目录
安索夫在战略管理中的特殊地位最主要表现在对战略管理(Strategic Management)的开创性研究,由于他的开创性研究终于使他成为这门学科的一代宗师。作为战略管理的一代宗师,他首次提出公司战略概念、战略管理概念、战略规划的系统理论、企业竞争优势概念、以及把战略管理与混乱环境联系起来的权变理论。因此,管理学界把安索夫尊称为战略管理的鼻祖。伦敦商学院客座教授加里·哈默尔(Gary Hamel)是这样评论安索夫的:安索夫无愧于公司战略鼻祖的称号。尽管用今天的眼光来看,安索夫的方法过于强调结构完美和确定性,但他毕竟是在历史上第一次运用适当的语言、程序,分析现代工业企业并明确地界定公司战略中的深层次问题,包括公司如何成长,如何寻求合作,如何借用外力等等。著名管理学评论家海勒尔(Robert Heller)把安索夫誉为战略规划之父。
安索夫的伟大不仅在于他提出了一套广为学术界、企业管理实务界所接受的战略管理理论和方法(Methodology)、程序、范式(Paradigm),而且在于他能成功地把战略的理论、方法与实践的范式等,引进学术的殿堂里。同时,他还把它们带入企业的董事局、经理室等。在那里,安索夫的这些理论、程序和范式深深地烙进了不少具有影响力的企业家脑子里。因此,深入了解安索夫对于战略管理理论、战略管理实践、营造企业竞争优势和提升企业竞争力等等,都是具有重大理论意义和实践价值的。尤其是今天,由于战略管理理论与实践的迅猛发展,各种战略管理分支学科、学派、理论、概念、程序、范式等等层出不穷,以至管理实务者、管理理论研究者以及有志于战略管理理论的初学者无不感到无所适从。在这样的背景下,通过了解安索夫,理解战略管理一些概念的发源、本义和实质等等,是深入理解和准确把握战略管理理论的有效方法之一。
主要著作编辑本段回目录
- 《公司战略》
- 《战略管理概念》
- 《从战略规划到战略管理》
- 《战略管理》
- 《植入战略管理》
其中,1979 年出版的《战略管理》和1984年出版的《植入战略管理》两书不仅进一步完善了他的战略管理体系,还为战略管理理论提供了一系列实践方法和措施,使自己的主张得以有效贯彻和落实。
《战略管理》与《公司战略》、《从战略计划到战略管理》被公认为是战略管理的开山之作。
伊戈尔·安索夫(Igor Ansoff)英文简介编辑本段回目录
Igor Ansoff (1918-July 14, 2002) was an applied mathematician and business manager. He is known as the father of Strategic management.
Ansoff was born in Vladivostok, Russia, in 1918. He emigrated to the United States with his family and graduated from New York City's Stuyvesant High School in 1937. Ansoff studied General Engineering at the Stevens Institute of Technology and continued his education there, receiving his Master of Science degree in the Dynamics of Rigid Bodies. Following Stevens Institute, he studied at Brown University where he received a Doctorate in applied mathematics with a major in Mathematical Theory of Elasticity and Plasticity and a minor in Vibration. After coming to California he joined UCLA in the Senior Executive Program. He was a distinguished professor at United States International University (now Alliant International University) for 17 years, where several institutes continue his work in strategic management research.
During World War II, he was a member of the U.S. Naval Reserve, and served as a liaison with the Russian Navy and as an instructor in physics at the U.S. Naval Academy.
Professionally, Ansoff is known worldwide for his research in three specific areas:
- The concept of environmental turbulence;
- The contingent strategic success paradigm, a concept that has been validated by numerous doctoral dissertations;
- Real-time strategic management.
Marketing and MBA students are usually familiar with his Product-Market Growth Matrix, a tool he created to plot generic strategies for growing a business via existing or new products, in existing or new markets.
He has consulted with hundreds of multinational corporations including, Philips, General Electric, Gulf, IBM, Sterling and Westinghouse.
To honor his body of work, the prestigious Igor Ansoff Award was established in 1981 in The Netherlands. The award is given for research and management in the study of Strategic Planning and Management. The Japan Strategic Management Society has also established an annual award in his name and Vanderbilt University has established an Ansoff MBA scholarship.
An applied mathematician, he shifted his emphasis in the 1950s while employed by the Rand Corporation. In 1956, he was employed as planning specialist for Lockheed Aircraft Corporation where he gained practical experience in analyzing the complexities of a business environment. At Lockheed he became Vice President of Planning and Director of Diversification.
He served as Professor of Industrial Administration' in the Graduate School at Carnegie Mellon University (1963-1968); Founding Dean and Professor of Management at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (1968-1973); Professor at the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Brussels, Belgium (1973-1975); Distinguished Justin Potter Professor of Free American Enterprise, Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University (1973-1976); Professor, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden (1976-1983), and Professor, United States International University, San Diego, California (1984-2001).
He died of complications from pneumonia in San Diego, California, on July 14, 2002.
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